Plasmid Profiling of Bacteria Associated with Gastroenteritis among Children in Owo, Ondo State
- Bola O. Ojo
- O. Abdulbasit Abdulrahman
- Abdulwasiu O. Haassan
-
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
- Priscilla B. Olamijuwon
- Blessing O. Oyeromi
- Deborah O. Oluwanisola
- Uwumarogie Kelvin
Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Gastroenterology,
Page 29-41
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance among the children with gastroenteritis remains a major global problem around the world. This study was therefore carried out to determine the plasmid profile of bacterial isolates from children with gastroenteritis in Owo, Ondo State. A total of 115 stool samples were collected from the children with gastroenteritis. The stool samples were cultured on MacConkey Agar using standard laboratory technique. Plasmid analysis of the some selected multiple resistant isolates was carried out using alkaline Phosphate method. Post plasmid curing was also carried out using sodium deodecyclsulphate (SDS). Out of 115 stool samples analyzed, eighty seven (75.7%) bacteria were isolated. Four different bacteria belonging to 4 genera were isolated with Escherichiacoli having the highest occurrence rate of 70(80.5%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 (11.5%), Proteus mirabilismirabilis5(5.7%) and Salmonella typhi 2 (2.3%). Out of 70 Escherichiacoli serotyped, 17 (24.3%) were Escherichia coli 0157 and 53 (75.7%) were Non-Escherichia coli 0157. The antibiotic resistant of the bacteria isolates ranges from 5.8% to 100.0% with chloramphenicol and augmentin exhibiting highest resistant. The antibiotic tested exhibited 100% resistant to Salmonellatyphi. Out of the six bacteria isolates tested for the present of plasmid, four had a plasmid with 3 bacteria having molecular weight of 2120bp and one bacterium having molecular weight of 1910bp. Plasmid mediated resistant is more than chromosomal mediated resistant. However, antimicrobial resistant pattern of the bacteria isolates in this study is worrisome. Nevertheless, Amoxicillin and sparfloxacin with least resistant pattern could be used for the treatment of gastroenteritis.
Keywords:
- Plasmid
- bacteria
- gastroenteritis
- children-Nigeria
How to Cite
O. Ojo, B., Abdulrahman, O. A., O. Haassan, A., Obeagu, E. I., B. Olamijuwon, P., O. Oyeromi, B., O. Oluwanisola, D., & Kelvin, U. (2022). Plasmid Profiling of Bacteria Associated with Gastroenteritis among Children in Owo, Ondo State. Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Gastroenterology, 6(2), 29-41. Retrieved from https://journalajrrga.com/index.php/AJRRGA/article/view/30167
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Getaneh DK, Hordofa LO, Ayana DA, Tessema TS, Regassa LD. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and associated factors in under-five children in Eastern Ethiopia. PLoSONE. 2021;16(1):e0246024.
Moharana SS, Panda RK, Dash M, Chayani N, Bokade P, Pati S et al. Etiology of childhood diarrhoea among under five children and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance in isolated enteric bacterial pathogens from a tertiary care hospital, Eastern Odisha, India. BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 19(1):1018.
Yayan J, Ghebremedhin B, Rasche K. Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a single university hospital center in Germany over 10years period. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(10):e01398336.
Mzungu I, Inabo HI, Olonitola SO, Aminu M. Antibiotic susceptibilities of Salmonella species prevalent among children of 0-5years with diarrhea in Katsina state, Nigeria. Arch Med Biomed Res. 2016;3(1):39-51.
Alikhani MY, Hashemi SH, Aslani MM, Farajnia S. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli isolated from adolescents and adults in Hamedan, Western Iran. Iran J Microbiol. 2013; 5(1):42-47.
Kothari A, Wu YW, Chandonia JM, Charrier M, Rajeev L, Rocha AM et al. Large circular plasmids from ground water plasmidomes span multiple incompatibility groups and are enriched in multimetal resistance genes. mBio. 2019;10(1):e02899-18.
Alam MJ. Rahman MP, Siddique MFR, Khan, Rahman MB. Antibiogram and plasmid profiling of E. coli isolates. Int J Biol Res. 2010;1(3):01-7.
Ozdemir K, Acar S. Plasmid profile and pulsed–field gel electrophoresis analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from humans in turkey. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(5):e95976.
Obeagu GU, Obeagu EI. Diarrhoea disease: A dangerous childhood disease. CPQ Women Child Health. 2019;1(6):01-8.
Uchenna MO, Ifeoma ME, Ochiabuto OMTB, Obi MC, EmmanuelI OE. Intestinal Parasites, Malaria and Anemia among School Children in Some Flood Affected Areas of Ogbaru Local Government Anambra State, Nigeria. Arch Clin Microbiol. 2018;l9(2):80
Ledwaba SE, Kabue JP, Barnard TG, Traore AN, Potgieter N. Enteric pathogen co-infections in the paediatric population from rural communities in the Vhembe District, South Africa. S Afr J Child Health. 2018;12(4):170-174.
Peter AK, Umar U. Combating diarrhoea in Nigeria: the way forward. J Microbiol Exp. 2018;6(4):191-197.
WHO. Preventing diarrhoea through better water, sanitation and hygiene: exposures and impacts in low- and middle-income countries; 2018.
Mohammed S, Tamiru D. The burden of diarrheal diseases among children under five years of age in Arba Minch district, Southern Ethiopia, and associated risk factors: A cross sectional study. Int Sch Res Not. 2014;1(0):1-6.
Ugochukwu UN, Onyekachi U, Chinemerem DO, Izuchukwu FO, Murphy-Okpala N, Chuka A. Water, sanitation and hygiene risk factors associated with diarrhoea morbidity in a rural community of Enugu, South East, Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2020;37(115):1-10.
World Health Organization. Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance; 2014.
Zeleke A, Habtamu B, Solomon G, Biruk Y, Adane M, Tamrat A. Enteric pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility profile among pediatric patients with diarrhea in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2019;1:57-63.
Adewunmi JR, Akomolafe JK, Ajibade OF, Fabeku BB. Application of GIS and remote sensing technique to change detection in land use/land cover mapping of Owo, ondo State Nigeria. J Appl Sci Process Enigeering. 2016;3(1): 34-54.
Sang WK, Oundo V, Schnabel D. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from childhood diarrhoea in four provinces of Kenya. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2012;6(7):572-578.
Charan J, Biswas T. How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research? Indian J Psychol Med. 2013;35(2):121-126.
Jinadu MK, Olusi SO, Agun JI, Fabiyi AK. Childhood diarrhoea in rural Nigeria. A studies on prevalence, mortality and socio-environmental factors. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1991;9(4):323-327.
Monica C. District laboratory practical in tropical countries. Vol. 2 1IR, United Kingdom (Antimicrobial sensitivity testing). Edinburg: Cambridge University Press building, Trumpington street. Cambridge: CB. 2006;132-48.
Ochei JO, Kolhatkar AA. Medical laboratory science. Theor Pract, Tata. 2008;2008:637-745.
Abdulkadir I, Waliyu O. Screening and Isolation of the Soil Bacteria for ability to produce antibiotics. Eur J Appl Sci. 2012; 4(5):211-5.
Bauer k. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol. 1966;36:493-6.
Akingbade OA, Akinjinmi AA, Ezechujwu US, Okerentugba PO, Okonko IO. Prevalence of intestinal parasites among children with diarrhoeainAbeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Researcher. 2013; 5(9):66-73.
CLSI. Development of in vitro susceptibility testing criteria and quality control parameters. 4th edCLSI guideline M23. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2015.
Kraft RJ, Tardiff KSK, Leinwand LA. Using mini-prep plasmid DNA for sequencing double stranded template with sequences. Biotechnique. 1988; 6:544.
Karmali MA, Petric M, Lim C, Cheung R, Arbus GS. Sensitive method for detecting low numbers of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in mixed cultures by use of colony sweeps and polymyxin extraction of verotoxin. J Clin Microbiol. 1985;22(4):614-619.
Getaneh DK, Hordofa LO, Ayana DA, Tessema TS, Regassa LD. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157: H7 and associated factors in under-five children in Eastern Ethiopia. PLoSONE. 2021; 16(1):e0246024.
Moharana SS, Panda RK, Dash M, Chayani N, Bokade P, Pati S, et al. Etiology of childhood diarrhoea among under five children and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance in isolated enteric bacterial pathogens from a tertiary care hospital, Eastern Odisha, India. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):1018.
Lingfei L, Yiqin G, Xiaoguang W, Yinghua Z, Longwen Z, Jiqian L, Chiping, Yingying H, et al. Epidemiological and clinical differences between sexes and pathogens in a three-year surveillance of acute infectious gastroenteritis In Shanghai. Sci Rep. 2019;9(9993):1-5.
Rathaur VK, Pathania M, Jayara A, Yadav N. Clinical study of acute childhood diarrhoea caused by bacterial enteropathogens. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(5):PC01-5.
Ifeanyi CIC, Isu RN, Akpa AC, Ikeneche N. Enteric Bacteria pathogens associated with diarrhoea of children in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. N Y Sci J. 2010;3(1):62-69.
Ogbo FA, Nguyen H, Naz S, Agho KE, Page A. The association between infant and young child feeding practices and diarrhoea in Tanzanian children. Trop Med Health. 2018;46(1):1-2.
Akinnibosun FI, Nwafor FC. Prevalence of diarrhea and antibiotic susceptibility test in children below 5 years at University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Int Res J Public Environ Health. 2015;2(4):49-55.
Kolling G, Wu M, Guerrant RL. Enteric pathogens through life stages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012;2:114.
Khosravi AD, Khaghani S, Sheikh AF, Ahmadzadeh A, Shamsizadeh A. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in children with bloody diarrhea referring to AbuzarTeaching hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(1):DC13-5.
Getaneh DK, Hordofa LO, Ayana DA, Tessema TS, Regassa LD. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and associated factors in under-five children in Eastern Ethiopia. PLoSONE. 2021;16(1):e0246024.
Moharana SS, Panda RK, Dash M, Chayani N, Bokade P, Pati S et al. Etiology of childhood diarrhoea among under five children and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance in isolated enteric bacterial pathogens from a tertiary care hospital, Eastern Odisha, India. BMC Infect Dis. 2019; 19(1):1018.
Yayan J, Ghebremedhin B, Rasche K. Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a single university hospital center in Germany over 10years period. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(10):e01398336.
Mzungu I, Inabo HI, Olonitola SO, Aminu M. Antibiotic susceptibilities of Salmonella species prevalent among children of 0-5years with diarrhea in Katsina state, Nigeria. Arch Med Biomed Res. 2016;3(1):39-51.
Alikhani MY, Hashemi SH, Aslani MM, Farajnia S. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli isolated from adolescents and adults in Hamedan, Western Iran. Iran J Microbiol. 2013; 5(1):42-47.
Kothari A, Wu YW, Chandonia JM, Charrier M, Rajeev L, Rocha AM et al. Large circular plasmids from ground water plasmidomes span multiple incompatibility groups and are enriched in multimetal resistance genes. mBio. 2019;10(1):e02899-18.
Alam MJ. Rahman MP, Siddique MFR, Khan, Rahman MB. Antibiogram and plasmid profiling of E. coli isolates. Int J Biol Res. 2010;1(3):01-7.
Ozdemir K, Acar S. Plasmid profile and pulsed–field gel electrophoresis analysis of Salmonella enterica isolates from humans in turkey. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(5):e95976.
Obeagu GU, Obeagu EI. Diarrhoea disease: A dangerous childhood disease. CPQ Women Child Health. 2019;1(6):01-8.
Uchenna MO, Ifeoma ME, Ochiabuto OMTB, Obi MC, EmmanuelI OE. Intestinal Parasites, Malaria and Anemia among School Children in Some Flood Affected Areas of Ogbaru Local Government Anambra State, Nigeria. Arch Clin Microbiol. 2018;l9(2):80
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